Tarot Hermeneutics

O! Promethea!

There's a reason the Romantic poets were so fond of invoking the muses before they embarked on Odes to various pastoral objects. It wasn't just a nod to Classical forefathers like Homer, but also to the fact that creation, by its very nature, is a mysterious, intangible, and highly unreliable thing. When the words are flowing, or the music is pouring out with little help from the conscious mind, it's tempting to think there must be some other force at play besides the hard-to-reach recesses of the mind. Enter entities like the Muses, who are such an accepted part of our creative mythos that they've made the leap from Hamilton's Mythology to mainstream culture (most recently in films like Albert Brooks' The Muse and Kevin Smith's Dogma). Even comics have brushed up against the topic, with an early issue of Neil Gaiman's The Sandman dealing with a writer who profited creatively from holding a muse captive in his attic. Alan Moore, however, takes the muse one step beyond her traditional role, and into the realm of the superheroine, with Promethea.

Gaiman's tales in The Sandman revolved around the impact that stories have on us. He kept things archetypal, and even when mundane characters were involved, they were part of a larger scheme and often found themselves pegged in archetypal roles themselves. Moore, however, keeps Promethea very much in the realm of the personal.

Ostensibly the story of Sophie Bangs, a New York college student, Promethea actually plants its roots much farther back, in Alexandria 411 B.C. A child cries out to her murdered father's gods, summoning Thoth-Hermes, a curious combination of Greek and Egyptian deities, who takes her into The Immateria with the promise that she "would live eternally, as stories do ... sometimes, if a story is special, it can quite take people over." Flash forward to New York in 1999, which resembles a less rain-soaked version of the Blade Runner set, with flying vehicles, neon advertisements for miles, and a group of Science Heroes who help keep the peace.

Sophie is researching Promethea for her term paper, having noticed that the name repeatedly pops up in literature, comic strips, and battlefield lore. After interviewing Barbara Shelley, the widow of the last man to write about Promethea, Sophie is attacked, only to be rescued by Shelley in her guise as Promethea. After being severely wounded and forced to retreat, Shelley explains Promethea's true nature to Sophie — that Promethea is a living story who can be brought into reality by a strong, focused imagination. The creator can become Promethea, or project it onto someone else, as Shelley's husband did. Still under attack, Shelley tells Sophie to write about Promethea. Sophie becomes Promethea — possibly the strongest yet — and makes short work of her attacker.

Promethea, as Moore's use of a hybrid Egyptian/Greek deity would indicate, bears resemblance to earlier comic heroines Isis and Wonder Woman, garbed in a white tunic and golden armor, and wielding a caduceus that bristles with blue, heavenly electricity. Personified in Sophie, she is initially raw power, with the intellect of Promethea and Sophie's wide-eyed naivety battling for control. Both consciousnesses coexist simultaneously, and one of the book's greatest themes is Sophie/Promethea coming to terms with this awesome amount of power. Much like the writer or musician who has the innate talent, but who must hone and refine that talent into actual learned skill, Sophie must learn to handle her challenges as Promethea with more than brute force. And those challenges come immediately.

A secretive mystic group known as The Temple puts a hit out on Promethea, hiring fallen angels who, in black suits and ties, resemble extras from a Quentin Tarantino film. After she virtually obliterates the first two, the entire fallen host is called out to take her down. After the battle, Sophie realizes that she must undergo more formal training than mere battle-hardening, and ventures into The Immateria. A psychedelic version of Little Nemo's Slumberland, The Immateria is a realm of imagination where pure archetypes like The Wolf in Little Red Riding Hood are at full power, and isolated pockets are carved out by writers' imaginations. It is also where the previous Prometheas exist in presumable retirement, doing little more than eating, drinking, bickering, and watching the current Promethea. Each of them, in turn, tutors Sophie in a different aspect of Promethea.

As a superheroine comic book, Promethea brandishes the requisite amounts of action, but Moore also lays a solid intellectual foundation that's only heightened as the series progresses past this first collection. Sophie delves deeper and deeper into the mysticism and magic that informs Promethea, studying Kabbalism, sex magick, and Tarot symbolism, becoming stronger and more confident in the process. It's pretty heady stuff at times, with Moore taking what he needs to construct his map of the intellect, and never delving too deeply into any one mystical pocket. It's not hard, though, to see that Sophie's struggle and development are like those of any creative person. Brute creative force can get you through your initial challenges, but as you strive for more ambitious projects and the competition is increasingly more talented, your studies must come to the fore. Sophie's development is highly accelerated — the benefits of a godlike power murmuring advice in your skull, I guess, and fallen angels on your heels — and by the most recent issue, she's on a quest through the afterlife. But in watching her solve as many dilemmas with intellect and logic as she does with her caduceus a-blazin', satisfaction can be the only result for anyone's who's ever tried to put together the pieces of a creative puzzle.

Promethea — Recommended

• Posted by Johanna on December 2009 from

Promethea is perhaps the most pure expression of some of the key themes of writer Alan Moore’s work.

Promethea Book 1
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It’s the story of Sophie, a college student in the near future. She’s been studying the various mythical appearances of Promethea, a warrior woman who’s been the subject of epic poems and pulp illustrations and comic books. When an evil spirit attacks, Sophie uses the power of story and imagination to become the latest version of Promethea, guided by previous incarnations. In other words, the stories we immerse ourselves in affect who we are, and we can become whatever we imagine ourselves to be.

The city is a paean to science, with floating taxis and neon screens and flying police saucers and and immediate media narration and its own team of protective “science heroes”, the Five Swell Guys in suits. In addition to a relatively straightforward “use magic to fight the bad demons” plot, there are tons of throwaway ideas and background information here that are wonderful creations in their own right. Take, for example, Weeping Gorilla, a crying ape who thinks one sad cliched catchphrase at a time. At first, he seems like a throwaway running gag, but later, he becomes more as others invest emotional power in him. The same goes for the foul-mouthed version of Red Riding Hood who pops up as a guide.

Promethea Book 2
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Then there’s the Immateria. (Aren’t these names perfectly chosen? Impressive-sounding and evocative.) That’s the land of fiction and myth where the previous heroines still live. Various versions of Promethea were invented as they were needed by their authors, whether a failed poet in the 1700s falling in love with a dream version of his maid or a female illustrator of pulp magazines in the 1920s fed up with the lewd sexism of her male editors or an artist who imagined himself being the ideal woman. I particularly like the little-girl version who annoys the others; she speaks like the Little Nemo character from the classic early strip.

The gorgeous art by J.H. Williams III and Mick Gray perfectly stands up to the demands of the text, bursting with images and fully packed, like the story itself. Creative vistas bring form to Moore’s ideas and principles. In addition to showing all the details and characters and events, there are elaborate page designs that work in mystical elements, adding to the feel of a book that reveals more to you the more you invest in it. And their Promethea is classically exotic, full of power and magic.

Promethea Book 3
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This first volume establishes the premise and shows Sophie the meaning of compassion, insightful reason, and righteous violence. Book two continues Sophie’s trip through the character’s history and the land of imagination. William Woolcott, a gay writer/artist who was the host of Promethea during her most playful time, as a children’s comic, teaches Sophie about the wonders of physicality in a sequence illustrated with treated photographs.

Like the end of the Buffy the Vampire Slayer TV series, Moore sets up traditional superhero structures — oh, no, a band of demons are attacking a hospital! how will Sophie transform into Promethea to save the day? — and then undercuts the reader’s expectations. Instead of a solo hero evoked through some grandiose gesture, Sophie uses poetry to open the door and then brings through multiple versions of female power. Or she ends a decades-long vendetta through amusing the next generation instead of battling them. The ability to improvise outside of existing patterns is Sophie’s strength.

Promethea Book 4
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Book two continues the physical theme with Sophie looking for more magical instruction, which she winds up obtaining by having sex (as her alter ego) with a troll-like old man fortuneteller. In addition to representing many readers’ fantasies, this sequence marks the transition from story to instruction manual; from this point forward, the book becomes Moore’s lecture about his ideas of how magic works, beginning with a walk through the Tarot as representative of human history. The art, in conjunction, becomes symbolic, with allusions and anagrams, references and experimentation galore.

In books three and four, Sophie as Promethea goes venturing through the higher planes and the planets, representing the Kabbalah Tree of Life, in search of a departed former heroine, who is herself seeking her former love.

Promethea Book 5
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As book five opens, it’s three years later, and Sophie’s in hiding from the FBI, who have enlisted Tom Strong to find her. The style returns to more traditional comic book art temporarily, before Promethea’s final transformation brings about the end of the world in a uniquely Moore-ish way. The last issue is barely a comic any more, with line drawings and captions scattered over pastel swirls of color which combine to make two large poster images.

Although superficially resembling Alan Moore’s take on Wonder Woman, by its end, Promethea symbolizes unlimited potential in an eye-opening series celebrating imagination and magic.

A Review of PROMETHEA By Rob Vollmar

This review/discussion of the complete PROMETHEA ran in the November 2005 issue of the Comics Journal. As you can see, the titles I came up with for this one were soooooo good that I couldn't choose between them and delivered it with two, ala BULLWINKLE. I hope you enjoy!!

From

How Do you Solve a Problem Like Promethea?
or
YHVH YMMV

By Rob Vollmar
Promethea #1-32
Alan Moore, J.H. Williams, Mick Gray, various
Available in five collected volumes from DC/Wildstorm

In 1999, Alan Moore, along with artist, J. H. Williams III and an A-list production team, debuted an ambitious new series, PROMETHEA. The title was nestled among five other new Moore series, LEAGUE OF EXTRAORDINARY GENTLEMEN, TOM STRONG, TOP TEN, and TOMORROW STORIES, the latter three of which plus PROMETHEA made up the America’s Best Comics imprint. For his two ongoing serials, PROMETHEA and TOM STRONG, Moore crafted title characters that represented the essence of something broad, presumably to appeal to the widest group of readers in reaction to the perceived insularity of the Direct Market audience. Considered in a context with the other ABC titles, it is easy to understand why most of PROMETHEA’s audience thought that they had bought a comic book determined to brighten the timbre of superhero comics in general through an infusion of older, less embittered blood, as reconstituted by one of its finest writers. In this respect, Promethea and her creators make good on their promise to show us some real magic by pulling none other than the old bait-and-switch and delivering something quite different from the rest of the ABC line.

Tom Strong is...well, strong in every sense of the word. He is a blend of familiar figures like Superman, Captain America, Tarzan, and John Carter and, as such, is presented as the zenith of masculine individualism. Promethea, in contrast, is the embodiment of feminine Imagination. In the opening story, “The Radiant, Heavenly City,” there are recognizable strains of the superhero tradition that can be picked out. Though Billy Batson had to utter but one to transform into his more formidable self, the transformation of Sophie Bangs, young college girl, into Promethea via the power of the word is an unmistakable echo of characters like Captain Marvel or Johnny Thunderbolt. Her role as the world’s protector against the dark, supernatural powers that threaten to engulf it as well as her facility with magic pay homage to Marvel’s DR STRANGE and, more broadly, to a holy host of forgotten magicians who moonlighted as superheroes like Zatara, Drr. Fate or Ibis the Invincible.

THE NOVICE (Promethea 1-12)

The first eight issues make up the opening arc and function as a protracted origin story for the title character. This is but one of a gaggle of signifiers to suggest that PROMETHEA is intended to be read as a superhero (or science hero as Moore lovingly dubs his ABC version) comic book. The current Promethea takes over the mantle from the wife of a deceased comics writer who had herself taken it up from a gay comics artist that was killed when her lover discovered that she was actually a he. Through this device, a continuity is created for the character that stretches back to the 5th century, producing, as if by magic, a trove of narrative riches to mine that would be difficult to equal in one hundred uninterrupted years of real-time print. In addition, one of the major subplots introduces the local science hero team, the Five Swell Guys, and keeps the genre allusions close to the center of the story by having their latest battle with the maniacal Painted Doll intersect with the climax of the first arc.

The ruse that Promethea is a science/superhero is left unchallenged for nearly two issues. The dystopian present, framed cinematically and dominated by shadows except when illuminated by the brilliance of her presence in it, gives way to the fluid and colorful layouts that take place inside of Promethea’s native plane, the Immateria. Her first battles are won on instinct alone but, in order to face the onslaught that is coming, she is instructed by a variety of former Prometheas on the meaning and use of her magical weapons. Trading fours with the superhero mess that is brewing in the material world, these more expository sections explore the newly created continuity by introducing earlier versions of the character as well as laying the foundation and framework for the use of magic in the story.

The role that Williams and the production team play in this frequent transformation can not be overstated. Though certain structural elements, like layout strategies or color schemes, can be dictated in the scripting, nearly every facet of the visual presentation is conscripted to the cause. As the story progresses, this expression of comics art as shifting state of consciousness becomes more pronounced and, one might assume, more challenging to envision and maintain.

Despite this struggle between conflicting worldviews that rages on for five issues before deciding to duke it out in issue eight, PROMETHEA’s more orthodox qualities keep the pacing brisk and the action frequent enough. Only once or twice in this first arc do characters cut loose with a verbal barrage like:

Promethea makes people more aware of this vast immaterial realm. Maybe tempts them to explore it. Imagine if too many people followed where she led? It would be like a great Devonian leap, from sea to land. Humanity slithering up the beach, from one element to another. From matter...to mind. We have many names for this event. We call it “The Rapture.” We call it “The Opening of the 32nd Path.” We call it the Awakening, or the Apocalypse. But “end of the world” will do. (Promethea, 5:13)

Regardless of how one reacts to the content of the expository material, it undoubtedly slows down the process of interpreting the page. Offered in limited doses and interspersed among intense action scenes though, it is an intrusion that is easily tolerated without threatening the identity of the series as a whole.

After a brief denouement in issue nine, PROMETHEA begins its shift towards something quite different. Issue ten’s, “Sex, Stars, and Magic” is the warning shot across the bow, dedicating twenty-two of its twenty-four pages to a comics adaptation of a tantric sex act between Promethea and magician Jack Faust. The contour of the panel transitions takes on a suggestive role, shifting in two-page blocks that tightly control the path that the reader follows across the spread. For the first time since the series began, PROMETHEA abandons the real-world tethers of cinematic storytelling, relying on inventive layout strategies and lots of evocative narrative to recreate a variety of altered states of consciousness on the page. Though the mechanics of the manner in which the story is presented are fascinating in and of themselves, the payoff for the receptive reader can be deeply emotional but only if they allow themselves to be taken in by Moore’s magic spell.

Promethea #12 is another text-heavy, “learning-the-ropes-about magic” story, this time featuring commentary on the Tarot. While “Sex, Stars, and Magic” is the most controversial segment of the first twelve issues, “The Magic Theatre” is without a doubt, the most complex. Each page, excepting the first and the last, is dominated by one card of the Tarot, progressing sequentially through the Major Arcana. There are three streams of internal narrative that move down each page, two that alternate after two rhyming couplets and Promethea’s that reacts alongside them. The bottom third of each page is intersected by a horizontally-sequential strip, a joke in 22 parts on the nature of magic as told by Aleister Crowley as he ages progressively from zygote to memory. Lastly, Scrabble tiles that spell out the word PROMETHEA on page one are re-arranged for each page to reveal an unexpected correspondence to the card featured, as well as a second horizontal element for the page.

The forward momentum taken from these two, less substantial narratives is overpowered by the downward crush of the bulk of the text running down the page. The result is a set of static pages that encourage the reader to separate the narrative and visual streams of information and, in doing so, again, dwell upon the page longer than usual in their interpretation. The down side to this approach is that the measure of its success is obviously tied to the reader’s interest (or lack of it) in the Tarot or, at the very least, the interpretation of it offered here in lavish detail. The tropes of the superhero genre are abandoned so absolutely that one begins to suspect that either the presumed function of the work, superheroes play-acting at magic, has shifted or was deceptively constructed to allow for a second aesthetic, magic play-acting as superheroes, to gradually emerge from the first.

THE INITIATE (13-23)

Underscoring this departure, issues fourteen through twenty-three are given over almost wholly to this seemingly new agenda of using comics to approximate the altered states of consciousness associated with Kabbalist ritual practice. Moore, a practicing magician since the early 1990s, first nurtured the impulse to externalize his internal experiences with the Kabbalah through his spoken word performance THE MOON & SERPENT GRAND EGYPTIAN THEATRE OF MARVELS (CD, Cleopatra Records, 1996). Where that piece is limited by duration though, PROMETHEA provides its creators with a canvas restricted in length only by the pressures of the marketplace, allowing for a sustained experiment in using comics to effectively transmit the core myths and values of a particular faith. Each segment in this ten-issue stretch is designed to reflect one of the ten landmarks or sephira as Promethea passes through them on her journey up the Tree of Life. These various altered states are given a life beyond the chatty dialogue, translated visually through a variety of means that subconsciously reinforce many of the correspondences shared by a given portion of the Tree without dumping it all through the narrative.

But, like the Abyss that Promethea must cross in order to reach the Supernal Triad, this ten issue stretch represents something of a chasm between those readers who are willing to place themselves subject to Moore and Williams’ executive narrative authority and those who are not. If the critical hinge was affixed upon whether or not PROMETHEA makes full and effective use of the natural strengths of storytelling with comics, there are few that could dispute the high level of craft consistently on display. What may be questioned though is the degree of tolerance required by the uninterested to slog through expository dialogue about the nature of existence, however immaculately rendered. Given the polarizing nature of the content and the primacy that its delivery is given over all other narrative concerns, mere apathy may, in some cases, trump a detached appreciation of the visual and narrative techniques employed resulting in boredom or worse.

THE MAGICIAN (24-32)

The two issues after Promethea’s return can be read together as a bridge between the magickal journey of the second section and the literal apocalypse that is to come. Despite the impassioned allegory to contemporary political problems Moore is able to piece together from strings left untied during Promethea’s magical, mystery tour, the function of this segue is to set the series up for a shift into the future. As issue twenty-six opens, we find our story has moved ahead three years as the authorities have hunted in vain to uncover Promethea hiding in her more mundane form under an assumed identity.

It is impossible to discuss the ending of Promethea without once again referencing the other titles in the ABC line as the end of the former also spelled the end of the latter. As Sophie is finally exposed as the Promethea destined to bring about the end of the world, the majority of Moore’s other ABC characters (with the exception of the cast of TOP TEN) show up to stop her. Moore had, by this point, lost his taste for the work-for-hire arrangement under DC/Wildstorm that ABC represented and terminated his involvement with all the ongoing serials with the exception of PROMETHEA. This crisis on Earth ABC would be for all the marbles that Moore had left in his pouch on someone else’s dime.

For all the bacchanal bluster that the creative team is able to deliver as these end-times are documented, the crisis proves to be more revelation than conflict. While the obstacles to this final display of Promethea’s unique purpose seem a bit contrived given the ease with they are overcome, Moore, Williams and company come together one last time to deliver a truly spoon-bending story that flows back and forth between the two struggling narratives. Finally, in issue thirty, the superhero element of the book, represented in its purest form by a “showdown” between Promethea and uber-science-villain, the Painted Doll, is quietly subsumed for the last time in the magical content. This conflict at rest, PROMETHEA is poised to perform her final trick.

Issue thirty-one is the last in the ongoing serial narrative though the series would conclude with the one that followed. After a few pages of set-up, Moore breaks the fourth wall by having Promethea guide the reader directly through the final throes of the ABC-pocalypse. Through this narrative device only one step removed from direct address, Moore makes his final argument for the validity of using PROMETHEA as a vehicle for religious expression:

See, I’m imagination. I’m real and I’m the best friend you ever had. Who do you think got you all this cool stuff? The clothes you are wearing. The room. The house, the city that you’re in. Everything in it started out in the human imagination. Your lives, your personalities, your whole world. All invented...Yes, Promethea’s fiction. Nobody ever claimed otherwise. I never lied. I'm at least an honest fiction. A true fiction. A fiction that can enter your dreams, possess her creators, talk through them to you. I’m an idea but I’m a real idea. (Promethea 31:6-7)

This technique, similarly exploited by Moore in the final chapter of his novel VOICE OF THE FIRE, is effective at keeping the weary reader’s attention for final barrage of spiritually motivating exposition, superimposed over elaborately rendered but static full-page images. The last few pages are then given over to a brief look at the ABC Universe that could exist beyond Moore’s active contribution to it which, given the market mechanics in play in the Direct Market, we will undoubtedly see more of, for ill or for well.

The ending, for the most part, lives up to its spiritual duties as an approachable and well-considered restatement of beliefs held in common by a goodly number of otherwise pagan faiths for the now-indoctrinated devotees that remain. As the resolution to a Universe shattering crisis, it comes across not surprisingly as something of a deus ex machina ending that might leave a more skeptical reader wondering if Moore really needed four whole issues to build up to what was, after all, a foregone conclusion.

Whereas issue 31 is the end of the world as we knew it, issue 32 is the actual final issue of the PROMETHEA series. Here, Moore and Williams create one final, intricate piece of comics which serves both as a summation of the ideas explored in the story and as a last, best chance to pull off an elaborate formalist experiment. Each page is essentially self-contained and, as such, can be read in almost any order without losing the narrative thread. If the pages are removed and separated, they can also be re-arranged in a fashion that reveals a larger images of the series’ title character that are otherwise invisible when taken one page at a time.

This final meeting of PROMETHEA’s creative team can be critically read as a metonymy for the series as a whole. From a technical perspective, it is unassailably the work of gifted comics creators who have command of a wide-range of visual storytelling techniques determined to steam ahead to less explored ground through their collaborative work. That shared palette is given over however to content that denies the reader an objective position from which to approach the story. In order to follow Promethea on her journey from novice to magician, her creators demand a suspension of disbelief from the reader that can’t end when the last page of the story is rendered and consumed. Like the super-fancy final installment, PROMETHEA, as a series, will prove difficult if not impossible to appreciate for the reader lacking the faith to pull apart their expectations for the narrative and reorganize them according to the creators’ wishes, only to reveal something otherwise unseen.

For those who are, Promethea’s story becomes an inspired and deeply moving testament to the potential of human imagination to rise above the death and squalor of everyday life. Her creators elect to use that same imagination to envision a new kind of superhero, namely one whose exploits and experiences could potentially transform the interior of its reader in a way that is both meaningful and radical. In retrospect, it seems only fitting that Moore and Williams are willing to wager the success of the piece on the reader’s willingness to engage PROMETHEA as something more than just a superhero comic book. Anything less would have been a guarantee that no one would.